Year: 2026

Global leadership shapes how the world responds to conflict, economic uncertainty, climate change, technological disruption, and threats to international peace. Yet leadership in international affairs…

In an increasingly competitive international system, global influence is no longer determined exclusively by the military and economic strength of superpowers. Countries that occupy the…

Introduction Every country has a geographical extent, but the lines separating states represent far more than divisions on a map. International borders determine where governments…

Introduction Superpower competition has returned as one of the defining forces of international politics. Unlike the Cold War, however, today’s rivalry is not organized around…

In international politics, power is not distributed evenly across geography. Some states possess enough economic strength, military capability, diplomatic reach, political influence, and strategic importance…

Strategic autonomy has become one of the defining concepts of contemporary geopolitics. As great-power competition intensifies, economic interdependence becomes more politically sensitive, and technology increasingly…

In international politics, military strength alone rarely determines whether a country can achieve its long-term objectives. Economic influence, diplomacy, alliances, technological capabilities, development assistance, culture,…

Soft power has become one of the most important forms of influence in modern international relations. A country can possess a powerful military and a…

Hard power remains one of the most important concepts for understanding how states compete, deter adversaries, protect national interests, and shape international outcomes. In simple…

As international competition becomes more complex, decision-makers face a problem that is larger than simply knowing what happened. They need to understand why events are…