Month: September 2026

As international competition becomes more complex, decision-makers face a problem that is larger than simply knowing what happened. They need to understand why events are…

As of 29 September 2026, international peace and security are being tested by a combination of armed conflicts, strategic rivalry, nuclear risks, political fragmentation, technological…

The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement is a trilateral defence pact signed by Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Pakistan on 7 August 2026 in Makkah. Its central…

Introduction Global Strategic Partnerships have become an important instrument of international relations as governments navigate a world shaped by geopolitical competition, economic interdependence, technological change,…

Power Projection is the ability of a state to extend its military, economic, diplomatic, technological, or political influence beyond its own territory and sustain that…

The Strategic Competition in the Indo-Pacific is no longer confined to military rivalry between major powers. It increasingly involves diplomacy, trade, technology, maritime security, critical…

Geopolitical risk has moved from being a concern mainly for diplomats and security specialists to becoming a central issue for governments, investors, businesses, and ordinary…

Current reality: September 2026 Economic power has become one of the most important instruments of international politics. Governments can now influence foreign-policy outcomes without deploying…

Political influence in global affairs is no longer determined by military strength alone. In the 21st century, countries and other powerful actors shape international outcomes…

Introduction International Political Economy (IPE) examines one of the most consequential relationships in world affairs: how political power shapes economic activity across borders, and how…