Year: 2026

Current reality assessed: 27 September 2026 Territorial integrity is one of the foundational principles of the modern international system. At its simplest, it means that…

National sovereignty is one of the foundational ideas of the modern international system. It explains why states possess authority over their territory, institutions, laws, resources,…

Sovereignty in International Relations is the principle that gives states legal authority over their territory, population, political institutions, and domestic affairs while recognizing their formal…

The international system is entering a period in which Strategic Competition Between Nations extends far beyond traditional military rivalry. States now compete over technology, trade…

Introduction The world has no single government, parliament, police force, or constitution governing all countries. Yet decisions made in one country can affect security, trade,…

International Governance shapes how states, international organizations, businesses, and other actors cooperate on problems that no country can manage alone. From war and peace to…

No single authority runs the world. Yet countries constantly coordinate on pandemics, trade rules, and climate targets. They do this through institutions, treaties, and norms.…

Political Risk Analysis has become increasingly important as governments, businesses, investors, diplomats, and international organizations operate in a world where political decisions can rapidly affect…

Global stability is not simply the absence of war. It is the ability of states, international institutions, economies, and societies to manage disputes without allowing…

What Is Strategic Stability? Strategic stability is a condition in which nuclear-armed states have limited incentives to launch a first strike or rapidly expand their…