Author: Adrian West

Introduction The world has no single government, parliament, police force, or constitution governing all countries. Yet decisions made in one country can affect security, trade,…

International Governance shapes how states, international organizations, businesses, and other actors cooperate on problems that no country can manage alone. From war and peace to…

What Is Strategic Stability? Strategic stability is a condition in which nuclear-armed states have limited incentives to launch a first strike or rapidly expand their…

International Security is no longer defined only by armies, borders, missiles, and conventional wars. The modern security environment connects military confrontation with nuclear deterrence, cyberattacks,…

International diplomacy is the organized process through which states and other international actors communicate, negotiate, manage disputes, build agreements, and pursue their interests without relying…

Introduction Every state enters the international arena with priorities it seeks to protect, advance, or sometimes reconcile with the interests of other countries. These priorities…

International politics is entering a period in which the rules, institutions, technologies, and economic relationships that shaped the post-Cold War era are being tested simultaneously.…

The Global Strategic Environment describes the broad international conditions in which states, alliances, institutions, businesses, and other actors pursue security, economic, political, and technological objectives.…

The Unipolar World describes an international system in which one state possesses significantly greater overall power than any other state and has an exceptional ability…

Introduction A Bipolar World is an international system in which global power is concentrated primarily around two dominant states or competing power centers. The classic…